Figure. ozone percentage change (color scale) for LGM_PMIP3 versus PI. Black contours show the ozone concentration (ppmv) in PI, and red line represents the tropopause in PI.
Stratospheric ozone in the Last Glacial Maximum

Key points:
  • Modeled ozone in Last Glacial Maximum is increased in tropical lower stratosphere but decreased in most other regions compared to preindustrial
  • Combined changes in stratospheric and tropospheric ozone lead to a decrease in total ozone column over the globe except in a few regions 
  • surface ultraviolet radiation is increased in the Northern hemisphere extratropics, especially over the Laurentide ice caps, and near 60S

Wang, M., Fu, Q., Solomon, S., White, R. H., & Alexander, B. (2020). Stratospheric Ozone in the Last Glacial Maximum. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, e2020JD032929.
The Brewer-Dobson Circulation During the Last Glacial Maximum

Key points:
  • A state-of-the-art atmosphere model shows a slower Brewer-Dobson circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum than the modern climate
  • Compared to modern climate, the annual-mean tropical upwelling in the Last Glacial Maximum is 14%, 14% and 7% weaker at 100, 70, and 30 hPa, respectively
  • Decrease in mass fluxes at 70 and 100 hPa is caused by weaker parameterized orographic gravity wave and resolved wave drags
Fu, Q., White, R. H., Wang, M., Alexander, B., Solomon, S., Gettelman, A., et al. (2020). The Brewer‐Dobson circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2019GL086271. https://doi. org/10.1029/2019GL086271
Tropical Convective Cloud-Top Heights

Key points:
  • CloudSat observations are used to improve the simulation of convective top heights in CAM5
  • Convective top heights in CAM5 are found to be underestimated by 2 km on average
  • The causes of the underestimate of convective top heights are examined. 
Wang, M., and G. J. Zhang, 2018: Improving the Simulation of Tropical Convective Cloud-Top Heights in CAM5 with CloudSat Observations. J. Climate, 31, 5189–5204, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0027.1.